Gregor Mendel combined harmoniously his duty as a prelate with his preoccupations with mathematics and the natural sciences.At the Augustinian monastery of St. Thomas of Brno, benefiting from
a favorable environment to his scientific aspirations, he began experiments on the transmission of hereditary characters to the peas cultivated in the vegetable garden of the monastery.The conclusions of his research were the subject of papers presented in 1862 at the Natural History Society in Brno, which focused on peas, a long time before the advent of the electron microscope and the discovery of nucleic acids. His work was not understood by his contemporaries, but in fact was rediscovered much later, after 35 years, by botanists Carl Erich Correns,Erich von Tschermak‑Seysenegg and Hugo de Vries in 1900, thus contributing to the emergence of modern Genetics.Mendel found that from the green‑pea cross to the yellow‑pea, in the first generation all the grains that appear are green. As a result, the yellow pigment disappeared. So, when we put two traits next to each other, one of them is stronger, it remains in being and it took the name of dominant trait, and the other hidden, was called recessive.
Mendelian laws:
Law 1. Gametes are always genetically pure, meaning they contain only one of the paired hereditary factors.
Law 2. Each pair of hereditary factors (alleles) segregates independently from another pair of hereditary factors. For one character, the segregation ratio is 3/1, and for two characters the ratio is 9/3/3/1.
Keywords: Gregor Mendel; peas; plant genetics
https://studii.crifst.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CURCA1-3.pdf
https://www.doi.org/10.71077/SC.2024.13
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