This essay investigates the role of key historical figures in the transformative trajectory of scientific thought and technological innovation, tracing the evolution of modern science and technology from the Enlightenment to the contemporary era of artificial intelligence. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, the study examines the contribution of these personalities to the co-evolution of scientific paradigms and technological systems, such as Newtonian mechanics, the Industrial Revolution, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, the digital revolution, and the current transformation driven by AI. Beyond highlighting these scientific milestones, the essay examines their broader socio-cultural, philosophical, and epistemological implications, offering insights into how each era reshaped human understanding, redefined intellectual paradigms, and transformed societal structures.
Keywords: technological innovation; Industrial Revolution; digitalization; Artificial Intelligence
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